This policy brief, Older Women in Singapore: Changes and Challenges between 2005–2015, reviews how the situation of older women has evolved over a decade marked by rapid population ageing. Building on a 2005 study commissioned by Tsao Foundation and AWARE, it examines demographic trends, health, employment, and financial security among older women against Singapore’s broader ageing policy reforms. While women’s life expectancy and labour force participation have improved, older women continue to face heightened economic and social vulnerability, including poorer health outcomes, lower earnings, weaker retirement adequacy, and higher risks of living alone. The findings underscore the need for more integrated ageing policies and a stronger gender-responsive framework to address the specific needs of older women in Singapore.