Financial Security of Older Women: Perspectives from Southeast Asia investigates whether older women in the region are financially prepared for old age amid rapid population ageing. Based on an 18-month study by Tsao Foundation, the report explores key issues affecting older women’s financial security, including family support, employment, caregiving responsibilities, pensions, and savings. Findings suggest that financial insecurity in later life is often the result of gender disadvantages accumulated earlier across the life course, such as lower labour force participation and educational attainment. The report argues that without shifts in entrenched gender norms and earlier, coordinated policy interventions involving multiple stakeholders, future cohorts of women will continue to face heightened financial vulnerability in old age.